HyperGeometrical Universe Theory

Anonymous said…

are all your factors constants or functional approximations?

where is your evidence to confirm their definition for each factor, time, time change according to the history of time, what is space?

Is it constant or variable, or constant/variable, or other…

Thanks for the question. Every so often someone asks a kind of general question that it permits me to review the whole theory and many times to find a better way to explain my ideas..:)

The theory does not have factors other than the Planck’s constant, which relates 3D Mass (inertial mass) to a dilaton projection wavelength.

The fundamental components of this theory are :

1. Particles are modeled as dilators

   

   Dimensional notes associated with Electron and Positron. Vertical letters indicates perpendicularity with respect to our 3D Universe

2. Dilators are coherences between stationary deformation states of a local metric.

   

   Lower (higher) state is associated with Proton(Electron). The initial state (in phase with the 3D Universe) defines the particle nature (proton, antiproton,electron or positron).

    

3. The Hypergeometrical Universe topology (3D Universe is a lightspeed expanding hyperspherical shockwave)
4. Dilators are thin along the radial direction and spin at half the speed of tunneling, that is, when the wavefunction describing the dilator moves from one shape to another (180 degrees), the dilator profile rotates by 90 degrees.
5. Pseudo-time quantization results from item 4). Interaction only occurs when the dilator has a footprint on the 3D Universe.
6. Dilators motion along the 4D spatial manifold obeys the Quantum Lagrangian Principle which states that dilators always dilate in phase with surrounding dilaton

   field.

   

   At any de Broglie step of the Hypergeometrical Universe expansion (one step is equal to the Compton wavelength of a Hydrogen atom), the dilator has to move itself by distance x to satisfy the Quantum Lagrangian Principle, that is, to dilate in phase with the surrounding field. In this picture, I show two angles. Alpha1 is the arctan(x/Lambda1), where Lambda1 is the Compton Wavelength of a Hydrogen atom (around 10^-15meters). If you are a dilator, your k-vector is now along that new direction. If you are a neutral particle (e.g. a hydrogen atom or a neutron), you will also move yourself by distance x, but your k-vector will only point along angle alpha0 or thereabouts. Angle Alpha0 is arctan(x/(R0+lambda1), where R0 is the radius of the Universe (equal to 21.72 billion light years). The Universe is actually 21.72 Billion Years old.

   This difference in change of direction rate (the change in direction happens at each de Broglie step of the expansion) explains the difference in strength between electromagnetic and gravitational forces. Discrepancies are associated with physical quantities (elasticity of space in the case of gravitation and elasticity anisotropy in the case of electromagnetism). From the elasticity of space derived from the Gravitational constant, one derives the natural frequency of Gravitational Waves. From the anisotropy of elasticity one derives the phase matching conditions required for coherent nuclear fusion, antimatter creation etc…J

   If you look at the plot below for a neutron dilation levels you can find the meaning of electron neutrinos. They correspond to the subcoherence between protons and electrons. These subcoherences (half-electron neutrino each) correspond themselves to rotations within the 3D space (as opposed to tumbling withing the 4D spatial manifold). The dephasing associated with this rotation defines the mass of all isotopes, that is, one parameter is used to calculate the mass of everything that is composed of protons and neutrons.

   

   Hyperons requires the knowledge of another dephasing parameter from the pions composition shown below:

   

   Pion Minus diagram.

   Here the red lines correspond to the already know half-electron-neutrino. The blue lines correspond to a new dephasing process.

   

   This dephasing process happens by rotations on the upper states and correspond to rotations of the electron state within the 3D Universe. With this dephasing parameter all other particles in the Univers can have their masses calculated. If you know how to split a neutrino, you can make antimatter..:)

7. Items 6, 5 and the embedding of the 3D lightspeed expanding hyperspherical shockwave Universe within a 4D spatial manifold allows for the uncertainty that creates Quantum Mechanical behavior. This means that the Hypergoemetrical Universe provides the reasons for the observed Quantum Mechanics.
8. The two cross-sections shown at the top of this and almost any other posting here, shows that the Hypergeometrical Universe contains an Absolute Time, a preferential direction but the absolute time cannot be used to time anything other than the Universe expansion. The preferential direction cannot be seen within the 3D expanding Hypersphere where we live.

    

Now let’s talk about constants. The theory derives formulas for Cosmological Constants like Newton’s Gravitational constant G given by:

= space elasticity

P=3

K=elasticity anisotropy

Derivation is on the pdfs.

The natural laws for Gravitation and Electromagnetism are derived from first principles as:

or

Where C1 and C2 are the charges traveling at V1 and V2 and c is the speed of light.

For Gravitational one has exactly the same equation (Gyrogravity). This equation is consistent with Gravitational Lensing, the Precession of Mercury Perihelion and explains the Galactic Puzzle (the constant angular speed of mass distributions within spiral galaxies). All these demonstrations are posted within this blog.

This means that one equation describes Electrostatics, Magnetism and Gravitation and this equation was derived from first principles using the fundamental hypotheses presented above.

The Hypergeometrical Universe theory explains the particle physics aspects of the Universe including the puzzling aspects of Cosmology. Currently there are two inconsistent observations. Hubble measurements using short distance calibration indicates that the Universe is around 14 billion years old. Standard Stellar Candles (Supernovae type 1A) which are supposed to have constant luminosity through all ages of the Universe life, indicates that the furthest observed Stellar Candle to be around 50-60 Billion light years away. This conclusion is arrived by observing an exceedingly weak supernovae type 1A explosion. The weaker the supernovae luminosity the larger the distance (apparent luminosity decays with the inverse of the distance).

This inconsistency is easily explained by the Hypergeometrical Universe theory. Just look at the dependence of the Gravitational “constant” G. It decays with the inverse of the Radius of the Universe. This means that at early epochs, when the radius of the Universe was half (quarter) of today’s radius (21.72 billion light years as derived from the Pioneer Anomaly results), G would be twice (four) times larger. A larger value of G means that the supernovae 1A will contain a smaller mass in the early Universe. This correction indicates that the perception of 60 Billion Years away supernova, just means that that supernova is at 2.68 billion years old Universe, no paradox there… NO NEED FOR INFLATION….:)

To prove that my theory provides the reason for Quantum Mechanics is trivial and will be presented later in this blog.

If you want to understand the Cosmogenesis, please let me know..:) The explanation is simple and based upon these two plots..:)

Before I forget:

SPACE

What is space. Space and Absolute time are quasi-constants, that is, they exist always as they are now, but they exist after the dimensional transition that created the extra four spatial dimensions…>J

Space itself as far as I am concerned is just a Cartesian medium with presents no friction and has a restoring force (elasticity). I am agnostic with respect to any sub-structure since I don’t believe any experiment could probe any substructure. The reason is that colliding particles also follow the Quantum Lagrangian Principle, that is are always I quantized positions determined by the interference pattern of the dilaton field.

Huygens Principle

Huygens and Newton debated how to describe the dynamics of interacting bodies. Newton won.

Huygens was biased by his optical interference experiments and wanted to explain all motions (interaction) as being the sole product of interacting waves. If you think that the Quantum Lagrangian Principle is equivalent to the Huygens Principle you are wrong. The QLP describes what is happening on the RXYZ cross-section shown in the first figure in this posting. We don’t live there…J We live in the TauXYZ cross-section, where Tau is the proper time. I modified Newton’s Second Law to present it as a Spatial Stress-Strain relationship between these two cross-sections

Let’s make Area _4D =1 then Area3D is just the overlapping of the unitary dilator 4D volume with the FS.

Notice the hyperbolic tangent on the 3D Strain. This is a requirement for relativity.

Even though the dilator moves in the RXYZ following an interference pattern, the dynamics has to be described in the TauXYZ. In that cross-section, wavelengths vary with velocity and one cannot simply imagine motion through an interference pattern. Here one has to take into consideration Doppler shifts of the dilator wavelength while creating the 3D Lissajous figures where dilators will pop-up at each de Broglie step of the Universe expansion.

If Huygens had followed this simple reasoning, he would have discovered Quantum Mechanics.

Cheers,

MP

The Pioneer Anomaly

The solution to the Pioneer Anomaly can be derived directly from the Hypergeometrical Universe topology. It is our current understanding that only matter curves spacetime, this means that locally the curvature is quite well defined by the inexistence of localized matter and equal to zero, that is, without the obvious occurrence of matter we believe that we live in a locally flat space. The addition of another spatial dimension in the Hypergeometrical Universe theory changes things, since there are now many curvatures to talk about.

Let’s see what happens when one measures the speed of light within our standard paradigm. The measure time delay between shooting the laser pulse and measuring the reflection is equal to twice the distance divided by the speed of light.

For the reflected radiation bouncing back from the mirror at rest,

Now if we place the mirror in motion we arrive at the standard derivation of the Doppler Effect:

The Doppler shift is given by:

The derivation is different if one allows v to vary:

Resulting:

The derivation is different still if one allows both c and v to vary:

Resulting:

This means that both accelerations on the speed of light or the actual speed of the Pioneer spacecraft would contribute to the Doppler Shift. This also means that if you are not considering that the effective speed of light vary with distance, you will be missing the contribution.

Under the current paradigm, the time it takes for light to bounce back from a mirror is given by 2L/c and doesn’t change with the distance L. This considers that light and the mirror are traveling or existing in the same dimension (3D) which is not the Hypergeometrical Universe Paradigm.

There, light (a spatial modulation of the source of a dilaton field) travels within the 5D spacetime (4D spatial manifold). Anything else just flows within the 3D Hyperspherical Universe, which itself travels through the 4D spatial manifold.

If you consider our topology, it is clear that there is a curvature and that is equal to 1/R0 and it is independent of the existence of matter locally. Remember that a 5D Spacetime has more than one radius of curvature. The RX radius of curvature is R0, and so it is the ФX radius of curvature. The situation changes one consider the τX (τ is the local or proper time). The τX radius of curvature will depend upon which laws do you use to describe your Universe (Gauss Electrostatic Law, Newton’s Gravitational Law). If you were to use the Quantum Lagrangian Principle to describe dilator dynamics, then you could use a Cartesian reference system for the local proper time. The usage of Newton’s, Gauss’ or similar laws to describe dilator dynamics makes it necessary to make local proper spacetime metric to be Lorentzian.

Now let’s get down to the Pioneer Anomaly and how do we measure how long the Universe is alive from the observed Pioneer Spacecraft deceleration.

The first thing to consider is what would be the perceived speed of light deceleration resulting from the geometry. To do this, we need to consider how much light has to travel back as a function of the farthest distance traveled by the spacecraft.

This figure shows what would be the path traversed by each pulse emitted by the Pioneer spacecraft. The angle of the light ray is always 45 degrees. The leftmost radial line represents Earth position. This means that when Pioneer is far from Earth by 45 degrees or PI/4*R0, light will never come back (the light ray will be parallel to the Earth radial line. Two parallel lines never meet.

Let’s say that at time zero Pioneer is at R0 from the 4D Center of the Universe and L from Earth and let’s derive the deceleration from the simple geometry.

Let R(t) be the Radius of the Universe at the time t:

Where time is being measured after a light pulse is emitted from the Pioneer while it is at distance from the 4D Center of the Universe equal to R0.

The Cosmological Angle associated with Pioneer at time t given by:

for calculating the deceleration of the speed of light

And

for calculating the deceleration of the speed of the Pioneer spacecraft

The angle alpha is called Cosmological Angle and it is measured from the actual Center of the Universe. The time that measures the expansion of the Universe is the Cosmological Time φ, but for quasi-relaxed fabric of space (low velocities), the Cosmological Time is a reasonable approximation to the proper time.

The equation for the photon trajectory leaving the Spacecraft and reaching Earth later is given by:    

Where y(t,t’) is the horizontal distance represented in the figure above of the reflected light beam as a function of time t’, which starts counting at the reflection moment. The time t refers to the t governing the expansion of the Universe from some given initial condition (R₀, L).

Equating this equation to zero and solving for t’, one obtains the time it takes for light to come from Pioneer to Earth at any given time or Pioneer position.

The perceived distance traversed is given by x=c.t’:

Taking the second derivative, expanding in Taylor Series and simplifying to obtain the acceleration as:

The observed acceleration is 8.75e-10 m/s2, the speed of light = 299792458 m / s. This yields a value for R₀= 2.05E+26 meters. Since the Pioneer velocity is much smaller than c and the second term can be neglected.

Since the 4D observed velocity is m this means that the Universe is years old or 1.5364E+10 years or

15.364 Billion Years Old…J

PerceiveAge=15.364 Billion Years Old…:) (using the Hubble Constant as a measure of the age of the Universe).

The important result is that the Universe is actually older that the age perceived by inspecting the Hubble Constant:

RealAge=15.36*sqrt(2)= 21.65 Billion Years Old:)

One salient point is that the Hypergeometrical Lightspeed Expanding Shockwave Universe expands at the observed speed of light, this means that the material world travels slower than the dilaton field, by a factor of cos(45) or .

This conclusion is very important because it breaks the symmetry between dilators and dilatons, in the sense that they do not travel at the same speed. On the other hand, this velocity relationship is strictly necessary for the Quantum Lagrangian Principle to make all dilators to surf the surrounding dilaton field.

Dilators interact with other dilators through retarded potentials or retarded dilaton fields.

The Beginning of Times

At time zero, the initial macroscopic metric fluctuation (the one that followed the dimensional transition) decayed into a huge number of dilators. Many recombined and released Gamma Rays. The initial radiation blast accelerated the extremely small Universe both radially and tangentially with the same strength. Dilators flowed with the retarded dilaton field in all directions of the 4D spatial manifold, creating the 3D Lightspeed Expanding Shockwave Universe. The 4D Big Bang also synchronized all dilators’ spinning. Only dilators that were flush (in perfect overlap) with the 3D Hypersphere at time zero, were accelerated into c.

Up to now, I considered that dilators and dilatons always traveled at the only allowed speed (c).

Of course, I noticed that dilators have inertia with respect to lateral motion but I thought that the radial motion was the natural motion of a metric deformation, thus requiring no initial push to be achieved.

If I accept that the dilaton speed or light speed is actually larger than the observed speed of light then the picture associated with the initial Big Bang changes from a simple decaying process into a tangential explosion which set the 3D Hypersphere to travel at the observed speed of light.

It is clear that a dilaton field cannot accelerate dilators to its speed (sqr(2)*c) because interaction has to occur through RETARDED POTENTIALS. Retarded Potentials always propagate at c (Lightspeed) due to the initial geometry.

The interaction of dilators with the retarded dilaton field from other dilators produces a distribution of tangentially dilators traveling at c which is also a distribution of radially traveling dilators at that same speed. In other words, a lightspeed traveling Hyperspherical Universe and an sqr(2)*c dilaton-dilator interaction form a self-consistent solution to the problem.

This salient point can be summarized as:

The speed of light is SQR(2) times C or light is faster than the speed of light..J

This is due to motion be part of a coherence that was placed in motion at the beginning of times through the interaction of near field dilatons. The interference pattern of near field radially propagating homogeneous dilatons travels along 45 degrees. This is another very salient point.

Cheers,

MP

The Galactic Puzzle

 I found this posting lying around. I suspect I reached a conclusion here and forgot to post it.  It explains the Galactic Puzzle where the edges of Galaxies rotate in the same angular speed as the centers of the Galaxies, in contradiction to Newton’s Gravitational Law..:) .

Spiral galaxies present a puzzling characteristic. Their most external stars are rotating at speeds that are too high to be still attached to the galaxy if one considers Newton’s law.

Of course, if we consider the Hypergeometrical Gyrogravitational Law there is no anomaly. The Gyrogravitational Potential is given by:

Equating the Gyrogravitational Force to the Centrifugal Force one derives the Equilibrium Radius:

As you can see, this equation is quite more complex than the standard one from Newton’s Law of Gravitation.

Let’s consider that all velocities are tangential, thus perpendicular to R. If one considers that for the Galaxy to keep its equilibrium shape while rotating and

Under those conditions the equilibrium R is given by:

Life is Stranger than Fiction…:)

is the ratio between the Newtonian Gravitational Force and the Centrifugal Force.

The Galactic Puzzle is how to explain situations where this ratio seems to be smaller than one, that is, it seems that there is equilibrium but the Centrifugal Force is too strong. Under those conditions

Or

Or there is a lag of more than 90 degrees between the rotation of the slowly rotating SuperMassive Black Hole and the star on the edge of the Spiral Galaxy.

This is the condition for the creation of the Spiral.

This is a simplified derivation. A proper analysis would take into consideration the Galactic Mass Distribution; integrate over it and possibly the effect of retarded potentials.

Despite of being a simplified derivation it already shows how in the vicinity of the SuperMassive Black Hole the beginning of the Spiral Galaxy takes shape.

Cheers,

MP

Hubble Expansion and the Hypergeometrical Universe

Given that the Hypergeometrical Universe proposes a dynamic (lightspeed expanding hyperspherical Universe) topology for our Universe, it shouldn’t be surprising that we have to revisit the interpretation of the Hubble constant and how one measures distance across the vast expanses.

Figure 1 displays the geometry for peering into the past. From the past blog, we established that the actual speed of light is sqr(2) times the observed speed of light.

I struggled a lot with this problem because it requires a Gedanken Experiment which I wasn’t 100% sure about the outcome. The question is:

1. Can one make waves on a wave and see them propagating along the wave?
2. Can two pilots traveling in an open cockpit at the speed of sound hear each other speaking?

These seemingly simple questions (for a fluid dynamicist) bothered me a lot. If the two pilots could not hear each other that would imply that the speed of light is actually faster (sqr(2)* c) than the observed speed of light.

When I first derived the “solution” to this problem I simplified the problem just by considering a static hyperspherical reference frame. That introduced another constant into the problem (pi/3). The reason was the at any given Cosmological Angle, light travels in straight lines through the 4D spatial manifold, while we traveled along an arc. By the time light traveled all the distance to the 4D Center of the Universe, we would have traveled around the arc on an equilateral triangle inscribed inside a circle. I have to confess that this seems to be an artifact of how I tried to solve that problem. It gives a slightly older Universe than what we obtain when using the proper geometry:

The full treatment of the Pioneer Anomaly problem doesn’t seem to require that constant.

Figure 1. Looking deep into the past.

This picture is quite telling. It shows the L0 radius of curvature of the time when the first stars lightened. At that time and at that radius of curvature, There was light… It is important to notice that light always travels at 45 degrees with the Fabric of Space – 45 degree with the tangential line at point A.

Under those conditions one can write the following equations for the relating L0, R0, Beta, Lambda_Obseved, C_Observed – yes even the speed of light depends upon what are you looking at…

Let’s start with the speed of light. Normally we are observing things close, in our neighborhood… solar system, galaxy… Under those conditions, beta is 45 degrees and point A is almost right radially aligned with B. The two hyperspheres look like two hyperplanes and can be represented by the figure below:

Figure 2. Pioneer Radar Gun Experiment. Looking into a few minutes in the past.

This picture shows the Pioneer experiment. Light, microwaves leave Earth on point A and bounce back from the Pioneer spacecraft on point B. This all happens as the Hyperspherical Ligthspeed Expanding Universe expands at velocity C_observed. The observed value for the speed of light is c, what we are used to think at the velocity of light. It just happens that the observed velocity depends upon the angle of observation. If you are observing the beginning of times, them the angle Beta will be very small, otherwise it will be around 45 degrees.

where beta ranges from 45 degrees to zero degrees

is the actual speed of light which is faster than the speed of light we are used to… by a sqrt(2) factor.

Similarly, the wavelength of light depends upon what is the angle beta of observation.

This is expected, since the actual frequency of light shouldn’t change. This also means that Hubble constant should depend upon how you calibrate it. Calibration is done using parallax and red shift or stellar candles and red shifts. These two calibrations are inconsistent since they look at different angles. One should use the near field calibration and then extrapolate it using the hypergeometrical argument.

Hubble equation relates distance with the receding velocity:

The Shifted Frequency is related to Hubble constant by the following equation:

Doppler effect equation.

The value of H is obtained when L is Ro. Under those considerations v becomes Cactual:

In summary, here we presented a geometric model for the Doppler Shift, that is, the change in wavelength has only to do with the 4D angle of observation. This angle cannot be drawn within the 3D Hypersphere since when looking into the past, one is looking outside the hyperspherical hypersurface.

Numerically, the modeled Hubble coefficient is a match to the experimental Hubble coefficient.

H=2.0637E-18 s^-1

Cheers,

MP

PS – The most recent observational determination of the proportionality constant obtained in 2009 by using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) yielded a value of H₀ = 74.2 ± 3.6 (km/s)/Mpc.^[4] The results agree closely with an earlier measurement of H₀ = 72 ± 8 km/s/Mpc obtained in 2001 also by the HST.^[5] In August 2006, a less-precise figure was obtained independently using data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory: H₀ = 77 (km/s)/Mpc or about 2.5×10⁻¹⁸ s⁻¹ with an uncertainty of ± 15%.^[6] NASA summarizes existing data to indicate a constant of 70.8 ± 1.6 (km/s)/Mpc if space is assumed to be flat, or 70.8 ± 4.0 (km/s)/Mpc otherwise.[7]

1 megaParsec = 3.08568025 × 1022 meters

1megaparsec/Km=3.08568025 × 10¹⁹

Thus

H=2.0637E-18 s^-1=2.0637E-18 s^-1* 3.08568025 E19 km/s/mpc=63.63 km/s/mpc

Where discrepancies are likely due to NASA averaging values from different epochs (beta angles).

Darn Retarded Potentials and the Beginning of Times…:)

In the past few postings I reached a conclusion which I cannot refute within the logical framework of my theory. The conclusion I reached is that the actual speed of light is Sqrt(2) times the measured speed of light.:)

Up to now my mind has been living with a conundrum… a paradox. The equations of motion, the Unification Equation is derived from a simple principle that dilators never do any work as they move. There are two kinds of motion. Radial and lateral, where lateral means within our 3D Universe (a lightspeed expanding Hypersphere).

The lateral motion included a mapping of inertial to the footprint (on specific phases of the spinning motion) of the dilator on our 3D Hypersurface.

There was no equivalent inertia mapping for radial motion. That never caused a problem because we never had time to fully develop the initial Cosmogenesis.

When I worked on calculating the age of the Universe from the Pioneer Anomaly, I had to struggle with something obvious that I had overlooked for a few years. The problem is the following: If I am surfing, can I make a wave on the surface of the wave and see it propagate? The solution to the old problem of waves in a wave eluded me for many years.

For a dilator to move always without doing any work, the fastest it can ever travel is surfing the dilaton wave generated by other dilators. The larger the dilaton field the highest the acceleration but the highest speed is always c (the observed speed of light).

The paradox is that lateral motion requires inertia while the initial setting in motion of the whole Universe never seemed to require inertia…J I considered the motion of the dilator (which is a coherence thus not unlike a wave) to be traveling at its natural speed. That was satisfactory until I faced the Pioneer Anomaly problem…;)

The dependence of the observed velocity as a function of observed Epoch (beta angle) was necessary to keep the dilator frequency unchanged. The Hubble related red-shifting had to do only with the geometric projection of the waves into the lightspeed expanding Hypersphere (our Universe).

For that to happen the actual speed of light had to be higher than the observed speed of light by a factor of sqrt(2).

This means that dilators always have the same amount of Inertia for both lateral and radial motion.

Retarded Potential

I remember when I read Landau and Lifshits for the first time about Retarded Potentials. We all know that the Sun is eight minutes light from us, that is, we are always seeing what was happening to the Sun eight minutes ago. The field propagation travels at the speed of light for both Gravity and Electromagnetism. This is convenient since both are described as dilaton field modulations in my theory.

First let’s consider that the 3D Universe is already in motion. Here we have the Universe already in motion and all interaction between particles in different positions (relatively close) travel at 45 degrees and thus at c.

Figure 1 displays the geometry for peering into the near past. From the past blog, we established that the actual speed of light is sqr(2) times the observed speed of light.

I cannot create a perfect explanation. It would take time. On the other hand, it should be self-evident that this is the only solution to the beginning of times..:) just by looking at the following figure:

Figure 2. Looking deep into the past.

It turns out that the same picture that describes how do we currently look into the past can provide insight on the first moment of this Universe.

Let’s consider that in the first instant of this Universe there was two layers of Universe (Biverse)…J strongly interacting (Gravitation, radiation) etc.

The symmetry of the problem forces that the radial acceleration to be equal to the tangential acceleration (think about this as basically a point in the 4D spatial manifold).

If you consider that the Hypersphere to be a point, tangential motion is the same as radial motion. The only angle which allows dilators to travel at the same tangential speed as the radial speed is 45 degrees interaction.

This means that if one consider that radial and tangential accelerations or speed should be the same if one starts from a point, them the interaction has to take place at 45 degrees and the equilibrium condition is all dilators traveling at the speed of light tangentially and radially at the beginning of times.

That acceleration took no time as motion is just the surfing upon the dilaton field. Given a strong enough dilaton field and everything will travel at the speed of light…J

Is there a need for an initial Biverse? No it was just drawn to show the interaction symmetry. When the Universe is a point, interation that produces tangential motion also produces radial motion. From a point tangential motion is the same as radial motion.

If you consider that the Four Dimensional Big Bang (created by the dilaton field) creates equally distributed radial and tangential motions, then the speed of the shock wave Hypersphere has to be equal to the dilaton field speed divided by sqrt(2).

From that point on, all potentials were called Retarded Potentials…J

Cheers,

MP

THINGS ARE NOT ALWAYS ABOUT YOU, PIONEER

When I wrote about the Pioneer Anomaly as a clear indication that the Universe has actually FOUR NONCOMPACT DIMENSIONS I was in quite a hurry and should had written the paper, posting it in longhand or in a fool proof manner…J People never do their homework and simple reasoning have sometime to be explained by another reasoning that yields exactly the same result. A good theory should be like that. There should be many ways to reach the same conclusion if the logical framework is consistent.

When I calculated the acceleration or deceleration in this case, i realized that if you only consider the 3D spatial coordinates and miss the curvature of the 3D hypersurface within the 4D spatial manifold, one missed the centripetal acceleration, that is, at any given time; light while seeming traveling in straight lines, is actually making a curve to reach Pioneer. This incorrect perception easily explains a delay.

Let’s first review the amazing things that come out of the Pioneer Anomaly problem. First let’s review what the Pioneer Anomaly is:

People have been mesmerized by some extremely strange results on the analysis of the trajectory of the spacecraft Pioneer launched in 1972 and on their way outwards from our solar system.

The strange result is some extra deceleration, unaccounted after considering its distance from the Sun, interaction with planets, solar wind etc. The acceleration is very precise and steady as seen from the posting in Wikipedia .

In the prior blog, after presenting the Hypergeometrical Law of Gravitation – which corrects Newton and Einstein’s works – I suggested that this new equation would explain the Pioneer Anomaly…

Silly me…

Of course, I was wrong – this is a simple problem.

The solution can be derived directly from the topology. It is our current understanding that only matter curves spacetime, this means that locally the curvature is quite well defined by the inexistence of localized matter and equal to zero..:) That is, without the obvious occurrence of matter we believe that we live in a locally flat space…

Let’s see what happens when one measures the speed of light. The measurement is shown below. First let’s think within our standard paradigm. Instead of getting lost on details like interferometric measurements etc, let’s consider just shooting a laser pulse to a mirror place at a known distance and measure the time delay for the echo (mirror reflection).

The measure time delay between shooting the laser pulse and measuring the reflection is equal to twice the distance divided by the speed of light. Simple problem, isn’t it…J

Under this paradigm, the time it takes for light to bounce back from a mirror is given by 2L/c. This considers that light and the mirror are traveling or existing in the same dimension (3D) which is not the Hypergeometrical Universe Paradigm. There, light (a spatially modulation of the source of a dilaton field) travels within the 5D spacetime (4D spatial manifold). Anything else just flows within the 3D Hyperspherical Universe, which itself travels through the 4D spatial manifold.

The answer to the second question is that one can only discover what is going on in a 5D spacetime while living in a extremely flat 4D spacetime if one uses the EYE OF THE MIND. One has to concoct an alternative paradigm that explains everything… Something that explains something is not enough… As you know, there are plenty of people who will make a living out of putting down new ideas… Only a complete paradigm would survive scrutiny. That is what I created in the Hypergeometrical Universe Theory. I had to provide a new model for matter that would provide the basis for Quantum Mechanics, a topology that would explain Universe Expansion, Giant Black Holes in the Early Stages of the Universe, Double Jet Black Holes, Cooper Pairs, Hund’s Law, Grand Unification as well as experimental applications like the Coherent Nuclear Fusion Experiment.

The situation is different if we consider that the Whole Universe as we Know it is traveling at the real speed of light perpendicularly to this experiment (no matter where we point the laser..:)).

The Hypergeometrical Universe paradigm draws a totally different picture for the same process:

If you consider our topology, it is clear that there is a curvature and that is equal to 1/R0.

Now let’s get down to the Pioneer Anomaly and how do we measure how long the Universe is alive from the Pioneer Spacecraft deceleration…J

The actual experimental setup is a complex interferometric process but it mimics the standard pulse experiment. Pioneer emits a microwave pulse at precisely measured intervals (dt). The measure interval on Earth depends upon Pioneers speed.

The first thing to consider is what would be the perceived deceleration resulting from the geometry. To do this, we need to consider how much light has to travel back as a function of the farthest distance traveled by the spacecraft.

This figure shows what would be the path traversed by each pulse emitted by the Pioneer spacecraft. The angle of the light ray is always 45 degrees. The leftmost radial line represents Earth position. This means that when Pioneer is far from Earth by 45 degrees or PI/4*R0, light will never come back (the light ray will be parallel to the Earth radial line. Two parallel lines never meet…J

Let’s say that at time zero Pioneer is at R0 from the 4D Center of the Universe and L from Earth and let’s derive the deceleration from the simple geometry.

Let R(t) be the Radius of the Universe at the time t:

Where time is being measured after a light pulse is emitted from the Pioneer while it is at distance from the 4D Center of the Universe equal to R0.

The Cosmological Angle associated with Pioneer at time t given by:

The angle alpha is called Cosmological Angle and it is measured from the actual Center of the Universe.

The equation for the photon trajectory leaving the Spacecraft and reaching Earth later is given by:    

Equating this equation to zero and solving for t’, one obtains the time it takes from light to come from Pioneer to Earth at any given time or Pioneer position. Notice that this has nothing to do with Pioneer. This argument only refers to how the path traversed by light depends upon the spacecraft distance and Cosmological Angle.

The perceived distance traversed is given by c.t’:

Taking the second derivative, expand in Taylor Series and simplify to obtain the acceleration as:

The calculated acceleration is twice the observed acceleration since we calculate

The observed acceleration is 8.75e-10 m/s2, the speed of light = 299792458 m / s. This yields a value for R₀= 2.05E+26 meters.

Since the 4D observed velocity is m this means that the Universe is years old or 1.5364E+10 years or

15.364 Billion Years Old…J

One salient point is that the Hypergeometrical Lightspeed Expanding Shockwave Universe expands at the observed speed of light, this means that the material world travels slower than the dilaton field, by a factor of cos(45) or .

This conclusion is very important because it breaks the symmetry between dilators and dilatons.

Up to now, I considered that dilators and dilatons always traveled at the only allowed speed (c).

Of course, I notice that dilators have inertia with respect to lateral motion but I thought that the radial motion was the natural motion of a metric deformation, thus requiring no initial push to be achieved.

If I accept that the dilaton speed or light speed is actually larger than the observed speed of light then the picture associated with the initial Big Bang changes from a simple decaying process into a tangential explosion which set the 3D Hypersphere to travel at the observed speed of light.

It is clear that a dilaton field cannot accelerate dilators to its speed (sqr(2)*c) because interaction has to occur through RETARDED POTENTIALS. Retarded Potentials always propagate at c (Lightspeed) due to the geometry.

The interaction of dilators with the retarded dilaton field from other dilators produces a distribution of tangentially dilators traveling at c which is also a distribution of radially traveling dilators at that same speed. In other words, a lightspeed traveling Hyperspherical Universe and an sqr(2)*c dilaton-dialtor interaction are a consistent solution to the problem.

This salient point can be summarized as:

The speed of light is SQR(2) times C or light is faster than the speed of light..J

This is due to motion be part of a coherence that was placed in motion at the beginning of times through the interaction of near field dilatons. The interference pattern of near field radially propagating homogeneous dilatons travels along 45 degrees. This is a very salient point.

Cheers,

MP

PS- I only have a few minutes to think about this problem every other month…Please feel free to disagree and provide a counter argument. At this time in the morning and without my coffee, this seems to be the only possible conclusion…J

Cheers,

THINGS ARE NOT ALWAYS ABOUT YOU, PIONEER

When I wrote about the Pioneer Anomaly as a clear indication that the Universe has actually FOUR NONCOMPACT DIMENSIONS I was in quite a hurry and should had written the paper, posting it in longhand or in a fool proof manner…J People never do their homework and simple reasoning have sometime to be explained by another reasoning that yields exactly the same result. A good theory should be like that. There should be many ways to reach the same conclusion if the logical framework is consistent.

When I calculated the acceleration or deceleration in this case, i realized that if you only consider the 3D spatial coordinates and miss the curvature of the 3D hypersurface within the 4D spatial manifold, one missed the centripetal acceleration, that is, at any given time; light while seeming traveling in straight lines, is actually making a curve to reach Pioneer. This incorrect perception easily explains a delay.

Let’s first review the amazing things that come out of the Pioneer Anomaly problem. First let’s review what the Pioneer Anomaly is:

The solution can be derived directly from the topology. It is our current understanding that only matter curves spacetime, this means that locally the curvature is quite well defined by the inexistence of localized matter and equal to zero..:) That is, without the obvious occurrence of matter we believe that we live in a locally flat space…

Let’s see what happens when one measures the speed of light. The measurement is shown below. First let’s think within our standard paradigm. Instead of getting lost on details like interferometric measurements etc, let’s consider just shooting a laser pulse to a mirror place at a known distance and measure the time delay for the echo (mirror reflection).

The measure time delay between shooting the laser pulse and measuring the reflection is equal to twice the distance divided by the speed of light. Simple problem, isn’t it…J

Under this paradigm, the time it takes for light to bounce back from a mirror is given by 2L/c. This considers that light and the mirror are traveling or existing in the same dimension (3D) which is not the Hypergeometrical Universe Paradigm. There, light (a spatially modulation of the source of a dilaton field) travels within the 5D spacetime (4D spatial manifold). Anything else just flows within the 3D Hyperspherical Universe, which itself travels through the 4D spatial manifold.

The answer to the second question is that one can only discover what is going on in a 5D spacetime while living in a extremely flat 4D spacetime if one uses the EYE OF THE MIND. One has to concoct an alternative paradigm that explains everything… Something that explains something is not enough… As you know, there are plenty of people who will make a living out of putting down new ideas… Only a complete paradigm would survive scrutiny. That is what I created in the Hypergeometrical Universe Theory. I had to provide a new model for matter that would provide the basis for Quantum Mechanics, a topology that would explain Universe Expansion, Giant Black Holes in the Early Stages of the Universe, Double Jet Black Holes, Cooper Pairs, Hund’s Law, Grand Unification as well as experimental applications like the Coherent Nuclear Fusion Experiment.

The situation is different if we consider that the Whole Universe as we Know it is traveling at the real speed of light perpendicularly to this experiment (no matter where we point the laser..:)).

The Hypergeometrical Universe paradigm draws a totally different picture for the same process:

If you consider our topology, it is clear that there is a curvature and that is equal to 1/R0.

Now let’s get down to the Pioneer Anomaly and how do we measure how long the Universe is alive from the Pioneer Spacecraft deceleration…J

The actual experimental setup is a complex interferometric process but it mimics the standard pulse experiment. Pioneer emits a microwave pulse at precisely measured intervals (dt). The measure interval on Earth depends upon Pioneers speed.

The first thing to consider is what would be the perceived deceleration resulting from the geometry. To do this, we need to consider how much light has to travel back as a function of the farthest distance traveled by the spacecraft.

This figure shows what would be the path traversed by each pulse emitted by the Pioneer spacecraft. The angle of the light ray is always 45 degrees. The leftmost radial line represents Earth position. This means that when Pioneer is far from Earth by 45 degrees or PI/4*R0, light will never come back (the light ray will be parallel to the Earth radial line. Two parallel lines never meet…J

Let’s say that at time zero Pioneer is at R0 from the 4D Center of the Universe and L from Earth and let’s derive the deceleration from the simple geometry.

Let R(t) be the Radius of the Universe at the time t:

Where time is being measured after a light pulse is emitted from the Pioneer while it is at distance from the 4D Center of the Universe equal to R0.

The Cosmological Angle associated with Pioneer at time t given by:

The angle alpha is called Cosmological Angle and it is measured from the actual Center of the Universe.

The equation for the photon trajectory leaving the Spacecraft and reaching Earth later is given by:

Equating this equation to zero and solving for t’, one obtains the time it takes from light to come from Pioneer to Earth at any given time or Pioneer position. Notice that this has nothing to do with Pioneer. This argument only refers to how the path traversed by light depends upon the spacecraft distance and Cosmological Angle.

The perceived distance traversed is given by c.t’:

Taking the second derivative, expand in Taylor Series and simplify to obtain the acceleration as:

The calculated acceleration is twice the observed acceleration since we calculate

The observed acceleration is 8.75e-10 m/s2, the speed of light = 299792458 m / s. This yields a value for R₀= 2.05E+26 meters.

Since the 4D observed velocity is m this means that the Universe is years old or 1.5364E+10 years or

15.364 Billion Years Old…

One salient point is that the Hypergeometrical Lightspeed Expanding Shockwave Universe expands at the observed speed of light, this means that the material world travels slower than the dilaton field, by a factor of cos(45) or .

This conclusion is very important because it breaks the symmetry between dilators and dilatons.

Up to now, I considered that dilators and dilatons always traveled at the only allowed speed (c).

Of course, I notice that dilators have inertia with respect to lateral motion but I thought that the radial motion was the natural motion of a metric deformation, thus requiring no initial push to be achieved.

If I accept that the dilaton speed or light speed is actually larger than the observed speed of light then the picture associated with the initial Big Bang changes from a simple decaying process into a tangential explosion which set the 3D Hypersphere to travel at the observed speed of light.

It is clear that a dilaton field cannot accelerate dilators to its speed (sqr(2)*c) because interaction has to occur through RETARDED POTENTIALS. Retarded Potentials always propagate at c (Lightspeed) due to the geometry.

The interaction of dilators with the retarded dilaton field from other dilators produces a distribution of tangentially dilators traveling at c which is also a distribution of radially traveling dilators at that same speed. In other words, a lightspeed traveling Hyperspherical Universe and an sqr(2)*c dilaton-dilator interaction are a consistent solution to the Big Bang problem.

This salient point can be summarized as:

The speed of light is SQR(2) times C or light is faster than the speed of light..

This is due to motion be part of a coherence that was placed in motion at the beginning of times through the interaction of near field dilatons. The interference pattern of near field radially propagating homogeneous dilatons travels along 45 degrees. This is a very salient point.

Cheers,

MP

PS- I only have a few minutes to think about this problem every other month…Please feel free to disagree and provide a counter argument. At this time in the morning and without my coffee, this seems to be the only possible conclusion…J

Cheers,

Riemann Hypothesis and The Hypergeometrical Universe

Our love for knowledge and beauty has always driven us to find the most sublime analogies to represent what we are seeing in the Universe. Einstein wanted to read God’s Mind. The Hypothetical Higgs Boson has been named by some as the God Particle. I equated the steps of my Lightspeed Expanding Hyperspherical Universe as being somewhat similar to the Pendulum of Brahma. At each cycle we see ourselves changed by that Universal Operator.

Mathematics is always the Golden Standard of beauty. We always hope to find a nicely fitting mathematical equation to describe the whole Universe. Mathematicians (String Theorists) are especially hopeful..:). Of course, after all, that would be redemption to their endeavor of creating the least physical (most mathematical) theory in history.

Euler’s theorem attachment to the Strong Force model was immediately recognized as the sign we are on the right track, after all, for a theory to be correct it has to be aesthetically beautiful….:) Form over content…very typical of our Mankind always driven by superficial calculations….:)

It just happens that there isn’t any indication that physics doesn’t matter, that is, there isn’t any indication that at the end of all, we will have everything described by a simple mathematical equations that overrules all physical properties.

For example, there is the wave equation which describes all waves as long as they have a natural velocity or one knows the elasticity of the medium where those waves propagate. This means that even though, the knowledge of an equation which would describe such a general phenomena as waves, the physics is still there in the form of a pesky constant.. J

This does not demerit the scientists who found those beautiful equations, it just serves as a reminder that there might be a limit on what mathematical abstraction can achieve.

It has been said with some understated deepness that the Riemann Hypothesis might be the solution to the Theory of Everything, that is, something, some force, some string might be represented somehow by the zeros of the Zeta function along the critical line. The details are fuzzy since this is just a guess.

Scientists look down to Horoscopists all their lives…J It is well know that vague statements can always find resonance within some fraction of the population and thus keep the readers happy and aware of their daily best options…J

One might say that the same happens in Science. There is a difference. Since we are a much more educated bunch than the average person, our guesses are better educated..:) that is, there is something deep in the number theory applied to Primes..:)

Of course, this is just because people doesn’t know how to think about numbers and one should expect that if the zeros of an equation are primes, most likely the logic behind the construction of the equation is such that only certain primes will be zeros..:) It is like being surprised that (x-1)*(x-2)=0 has zeros equal to 1 and 2.

Number theory is just not developed enough to see the underlying logic behind the Riemann Hypothesis and the Zeta Function (or Eta Function on the Analytic Continuation).

As usual, the statement that the Riemann Hypothesis should be relevant to our understanding of the Universe can be decomposed into the simpler statement that Primes will be relevant..:) I am a simple minded man, so I cut to the chase and will explore this proposition..:)

Nobody bothered to think about Primes because nothing in Physics looks like Primes. If a poor string theorist looks around and think about making Primes to be some property of strings them we might end up with 10^500000000000000 possible Universes or string theories explaining each one of them..:)

A Standard Model Physicist is not in much better position. Let say that zero are electromagnetic waves, the ONE is…J The next basic particles are electron and Proton … Neutron might be TWO but that does not solve the problem. Electrons and Protons are certainly not equal in the Standard Model and the analogy dies there…J

Of course, that is not the case in the Hypergeometrical Universe.

ARE CHARGED PARTICLES PRIMES

YES.

In my theory one can easily relate ZERO to the dilaton field and its spatial modulation (electromagnetic waves).

ONE is clearly the Fundamental Dilator which represents all four fundamental particles (Electron, Proton, AntiElectron, AntiProton).

TWO is of course the Neutron

THREE are the Pions

FIVE are the SIGMAS AND LAMBDAS

SEVEN are the KAONS

ELEVEN are the XIS Star – This Channel decays into a KaonZero and a Pion Minus.

THIRTEEN are the LUCKY OMEGAS

ARE Neutral Majorama PARTICLES 2^N NUMBERS

YES. I am sure the numerologists will have a field day..:)

As in any good Horoscope, there is a caveat. There are exclusions to the Prime Rule. They are associated with another nice mathematical formula, the formula for 2 to the power of another number. (0,2,4,8,16…)

ZERO is again the Dilaton Field or its origin modulated version (Electromagnetic Wave).

TWO is the precursor to a Gamma photon from the annihilation of a Positron-Electron pair.

FOUR is the Pion Zero

EIGTH is the KAON ZERO

Later, I will show how the mathematical space topology and mathematical instrumentation needed to solve the Riemann Hypothesis also describes the mass of the Hyperons…J

A hint. Look at the Fundamental Dilator coherence ‘energy’ diagram. The degenerated states on the two potential wells lose their degeneration due to the finite velocity of light, which creates a time delay for a spatial rotation within the 3D Lightspeed Expanding Hypersphere.

Think about what does it means to be real…J and read the Meaning of Material Existence blog I wrote in the past.

ARE THERE Neutral PARTICLES = 2*N NUMBERS

As in any good Horoscope, there is always something for everyone. It just happens that 2N is also a valid mapping for Neutral Particles.

Of course, since they decompose into opposite charged particles, they have to be the SUM OF TWO PRIMES or 2 Majorama Particles…J

Cheers,

MP

Riemann Hypothesis and The Hypergeometrical Universe

Our love for knowledge and beauty has always driven us to find the most sublime analogies to represent what we are seeing in the Universe. Einstein wanted to read God’s Mind. The Hypothetical Higgs Boson has been named by some as the God Particle. I equated the steps of my Lightspeed Expanding Hyperspherical Universe as being somewhat similar to the Pendulum of Brahma. At each cycle we see ourselves changed by that Universal Operator.

Mathematics is always the Golden Standard of beauty. We always hope to find a nicely fitting mathematical equation to describe the whole Universe. Mathematicians (String Theorists) are especially hopeful..:). Of course, after all, that would be redemption to their endeavor of creating the least physical (most mathematical) theory in history.

Euler’s theorem attachment to the Strong Force model was immediately recognized as the sign we are on the right track, after all, for a theory to be correct it has to be aesthetically beautiful….:) Form over content…very typical of our Mankind always driven by superficial calculations….:)

It just happens that there isn’t any indication that physics doesn’t matter, that is, there isn’t any indication that at the end of all, we will have everything described by a simple mathematical equations that overrules all physical properties.

For example, there is the wave equation which describes all waves as long as they have a natural velocity or one knows the elasticity of the medium where those waves propagate. This means that even though, the knowledge of an equation which would describe such a general phenomena as waves, the physics is still there in the form of a pesky constant.. J

This does not demerit the scientists who found those beautiful equations, it just serves as a reminder that there might be a limit on what mathematical abstraction can achieve.

It has been said with some understated deepness that the Riemann Hypothesis might be the solution to the Theory of Everything, that is, something, some force, some string might be represented somehow by the zeros of the Zeta function along the critical line. The details are fuzzy since this is just a guess.

Scientists look down to Horoscopists all their lives…J It is well know that vague statements can always find resonance within some fraction of the population and thus keep the readers happy and aware of their daily best options…J

One might say that the same happens in Science. There is a difference. Since we are a much more educated bunch than the average person, our guesses are better educated..:) that is, there is something deep in the number theory applied to Primes..:)

Of course, this is just because people doesn’t know how to think about numbers and one should expect that if the zeros of an equation are primes, most likely the logic behind the construction of the equation is such that only certain primes will be zeros..:) It is like being surprised that (x-1)*(x-2)=0 has zeros equal to 1 and 2.

Number theory is just not developed enough to see the underlying logic behind the Riemann Hypothesis and the Zeta Function (or Eta Function on the Analytic Continuation).

As usual, the statement that the Riemann Hypothesis should be relevant to our understanding of the Universe can be decomposed into the simpler statement that Primes will be relevant..:) I am a simple minded man, so I cut to the chase and will explore this proposition..:)

Nobody bothered to think about Primes because nothing in Physics looks like Primes. If a poor string theorist looks around and think about making Primes to be some property of strings them we might end up with 10^500000000000000 possible Universes or string theories explaining each one of them..:)

A Standard Model Physicist is not in much better position. Let say that zero are electromagnetic waves, the ONE is…J The next basic particles are electron and Proton … Neutron might be TWO but that does not solve the problem. Electrons and Protons are certainly not equal in the Standard Model and the analogy dies there…J

Of course, that is not the case in the Hypergeometrical Universe.

ARE CHARGED PARTICLES PRIMES

YES.

In my theory one can easily relate ZERO to the dilaton field and its spatial modulation (electromagnetic waves).

ONE is clearly the Fundamental Dilator which represents all four fundamental particles (Electron, Proton, AntiElectron, AntiProton).

TWO is of course the Neutron

THREE are the Pions

FIVE are the SIGMAS AND LAMBDAS

SEVEN are the KAONS

ELEVEN are the XIS Star – This Channel decays into a KaonZero and a Pion Minus.

THIRTEEN are the LUCKY OMEGAS

ARE Neutral Majorama PARTICLES 2^N NUMBERS

YES. I am sure the numerologists will have a field day..:)

As in any good Horoscope, there is a caveat. There are exclusions to the Prime Rule. They are associated with another nice mathematical formula, the formula for 2 to the power of another number. (0,2,4,8,16…)

ZERO is again the Dilaton Field or its origin modulated version (Electromagnetic Wave).

TWO is the precursor to a Gamma photon from the annihilation of a Positron-Electron pair.

FOUR is the Pion Zero

EIGTH is the KAON ZERO

Later, I will show how the mathematical space topology and mathematical instrumentation needed to solve the Riemann Hypothesis also describes the mass of the Hyperons…J

A hint. Look at the Fundamental Dilator coherence ‘energy’ diagram. The degenerated states on the two potential wells lose their degeneration due to the finite velocity of light, which creates a time delay for a spatial rotation within the 3D Lightspeed Expanding Hypersphere.

Think about what does it means to be real…J and read the Meaning of Material Existence blog I wrote in the past.

Cheers,

MP

Dear Dr. Chu,

I created a new paradigm for modeling the Cosmos and particles and ran into trouble getting over the non-scientific barriers one finds when revising science.

The paradigm shift proposes that the 3D Universe is a very thin 3D shockwave traveling at the speed of light within a 4D Spatial Manifold. Thus in my model, the Spacetime Continuum is actually 5D and there are a preferred spatial Direction (R) and an Absolute Time f, although both are non-observables from within the 3D Universe or 4D Spacetime Continuum.

The figure that describes such paradigm is reproduced here: 

Figure 1. Two cross-sections of the Universe. The internal radius is the speed of light times the age of the Universe.

It should be easily verifiable that the standard relativistic reference frames (xt and x’t ‘ related to each other by a Lorentz Transformation ) are at hand from inspecting the fXYZ cross-section shown on the right panel of Fig 1. The left panel contains the RXYZ cross-section.

The more interesting paradigm shift is the representation of particles.

The four elementary particles (Electron, Proton, AntiProton, Positron) are represented by four phases of a metric coherences that spins as it travels at the speed of light with the 3D Shockwave Universe. The spinning makes up for an intermittent overlap of the coherence (dilator) and the 3D Universe (Fabric of Space).

The Fundamental Dilator representing the 4 elementary particles is shown below:

Figure 2. Balls Diagram representing Electron and Positron.

The different phases represent metric dilation (Green) or compression (Red).  Being an Electron or a Proton indicates just a difference in displacement volume.  The phases with horizontal lettering are flush (full overlap) with the 3D Space while the vertical are not thus having no footprint in it.  No footprint implies no interaction. The footprint is modeled as our 3D Mass.

Below are the diagrams for Proton and AntiProton:

Figure 3. Balls diagram representing Proton and AntiProton. The change in color and orientation represents tunneling and spinning concomitant processes.

I was able to represent all hyperons accordingly. Next you can see the representation of a Pion Plus.

Figure 4. Balls Diagram for Pion Plus. This diagram represents a complex coherence with three Fundamental Dilator subcoherences.

The point I want to reach is that this representation is amenable to shifting the paradigm for nuclear reactions from Nuclear Chemistry (with reagent and product states with a barrier in the middle, transition state etc) into Nonlinear Hadronics – where particle creation is the result of nonlinear beating between two coherences.

This paradigm shift gives support for the experiment of COHERENT NUCLEAR FUSION.

Normally one, using the Nuclear Chemistry paradigm collide particles with maximum energy (temperature) such as to create fusion.  This paradigm disregards length of interaction and phase-matching angle. A velocity defines and angle with the Fabric of Space and thus one can probe the metric elastic ellipsoid of revolution and find the appropriate phase matching angle.

This means that a COHERENT NUCLEAR FUSION experiment would start with particle beams traveling along the same axis. They would interact by converging under the influence of a magnetic lens. Their conversion length would be defined by their de Broglie wavelength and the focal length of the magnetic length as in a standard nonlinear optical interaction. Under perfect phase-matching condition the productions (beating) would be released at specific angles. That would facilitate energy extraction through magneto-hydrodynamics methods.

I know that this is not the most efficient manner to convey a new idea, but there isn’t other available to me at this time.

I seek support for the evaluation of my ideas and/or the test of them in the aforementioned experiment.

Nuclear Chemistry experiments are not easy or cheap and are defined by committees or very invested scientists.  This means that they would always be timid and always err on the side of caution and never test a new revolutionary idea.

If correct, this paradigm shift would permit the solution of energy problems, interplanetary travel etc.

Please take a second looking at my drawings. I believe someone as intelligent as you are would be able to grasp my paradigm quickly.

I will post this message on my site;

http://hypergeometricaluniverse.blogspot.com

By the way, I also derived Grand Unification equations, Cosmological Constants from first principles, explained the Pioneer Anomaly, derived Gravitational Lensing and the Precession of Mercury’s Perihelion etc. Everything is posted in that blog.

Please feel free to ask me any questions or to contact me.

This is a brief exposure of an conceptually challenging revisionist theory. I am not seeking your endorsement or support. I am just mentioning that this theory if correct would lead to a novel path in energy production and that the only way to seeking this new path is through the exploration of novel paradigm (Nonlinear Nuclear Hadronics). The current paradigm wouldn’t support event the simple exploratory experiments needed to test this paradigm, that is, Science needs a theoretical base to even consider other possibilities.

My theory provides that theoretical support.

Thanks,

MP

The Cosmic Microwave Background

Anisotropic Universe is what I would expect from a 3-D Big Bang or from any other Big Bang Model with which I am familiar.

What does Anisotropy means? Well, if you look into the sky we should be seen a hole (lack of galaxies) in a given direction and that would be where the Big Bang should had occurred.

I am not familiar with Inflation and other schemes to make the Universe Uniform but I felt bothered by that Uniformity. Einstein hoped, as many others, for a Static Universe that has always being here and forever will be. He even included the Cosmological Constant to make the Universe static, non-expanding nor imploding. It hurts one’s feeling to see everything go up in smoke….

The Microwave Cosmic Background has been proposed to be the remnants of the Big Bang. It bothered me that the thing is called Background and presents no or little anisotropy. Why it bothers me? It bothers because it would indicate that there was some thermalization of the radiation followed by an adiabatic expansion of the Universe. Thermalization means that radiation has to bounce back and forth within reflective boundary (or non-absorbing) conditions. I have a hard time finding how one creates those conditions in the early Universe. Let’s say that the thermalization occurred while the Universe was small and opaque. As soon as it becomes transparent light will fly away at the speed of light leaving matter behind and thus escaping any further thermalization. I cannot see how one could cool down the original radiation into a Black Body radiation that is 2 or 3 Kelvin degrees cold.

Forget about the fact that the background is called a background because it is the same in any direction…:) This is absolutely insane and would indicate that the original radiation is being diffused back by the scarcely populated Universe that somehow found itself ahead of the original radiation… It doesn’t make any sense to me…. By the way, I know how to make a Black Body…

HU Theory proposes that the Big Bang occurred in each and every poing of the Universe at the same time. This is an obvious although may be not self-evident result of the topology of the Hyperspherical Explosion. This means that from each and every point, energy and matter would flow away. The Big Bang Occurred in All Places At The Same Time…..

Radiation created at that time from a point one radian away from you, would arrive now and it would be Doppler shifted and go through multiple scaterings in the dense and early Universe. Doppler shifting would explain quite well the microwave nature of the radiation seen today. The fact that microwave radiation emanating from one radian in any direction (homogeneity) would arrive today (or any day) perfectly Homogeneity and Lack of Anisotropy…HU is intellectually gratifying.

The W-Minus Particle

Last week I had the pleasure of sharing the company of a very bright young fellow from the D0 project during a trip from Brazil.

Of course, we know how they work. In the case they are caught, Fermilab will disavow any knowledge of their existence and they would have to take the cyanide pill – You know, one should keep appearances…J

We discussed many aspects of my theory and he grilled me and made his conclusions based upon little the little knowledge I was able to impact during our brief conversation. He proudly showed me that he worked on the measurement of W-Minus boson and that he is what physicist called a Theorist Theorist (Theorist Squared), that is, the highest level of abstractionist possible while still being called a physicist…J some called them mathematicians behind their backs..:) ( I am one of those…J)

D0 mentioned that he did not see value in my theory bridging the gap between Classical and Quantum Mechanics and even mentioned that that bridge is a simple graduate school class exercise. He failed to realize the meaning of the word Principle in Equivalence Principle. A Principle is proposed when there is no way to derive the result from a previous theory. It is the basis of the subsequent theory or logical framework – in this case Quantum Mechanics.

It is not correct to say that since particles have to be described by functions and functions can be described by Fourier transforms then p -> -ihbar Delta.

In saying that one is imposing the hidden hypothesis that particles have to be described by continuous functions as opposed to state variables (position, mass, momentum) which are just numbers. Of course I mentioned Rafael that Albert Einstein spent his whole life trying to figure out how to link Classical and Quantum Mechanics. That would normally be enough to establish that understanding how the classical view of the Universe and the quantum view of the Universe is relevant.

I also mentioned that the fifth dimension (R) and the Quantum Lagrangian Principle and the Fundamental Dilator Paradigm naturally introduce the spatial uncertainty and wave character to the dynamics of dilators.

D0 is just an outstanding graduate student but the failures of basic understanding are common to all practitioners in love with form while not paying enough attention to the underlying physics. Of course, theorist’s theorists are to blame if one needs to name names…J

Of course, W- is the particle that “carries the Electroweak Force” and it is responsible for the Neutron decay etc.

Here we described Neutrons as well as any other particle as being coherences between deformational states of a 5-Dimensional Metric. Since many of the particles interact, they are described in terms of the Fundamental Dilator coherence, as a result of a simple Fourier integration consideration. All interacting particles should have non-zero interaction integral, that is, one cannot have non-correlated dilator coherences and have a non-zero interaction.

In addition to the standard spacetime (locally Lorentzian or Minkowiskian), there is a tremendously big extra dimension measure by its radius of curvature as the dimensionalized age of the Universe (lightspeed time the age of the Universe). The exact age of the Universe was calculated from the Pioneer anomaly discrepancy in another page of this blog.

Dr. Illuminati above shows two cross-sections in the place of his eyes. Those cross-sections are where our beloved 3D Universe is at..:) Where you read X, you could read Y or Z. For bodies without orbital angular momentum, there is a complete symmetry and X,Y and Z can freely rotate with respect to R (the radial direction). Moment of Inertia breaks this symmetry. Later I will explain how to solve all our energy problems and interstellar travel problems using this little bit of information…J My bright D0 fellow should be able to understand this obscure statement… Well, perhaps not, since it doesn’t come as a symmetry but instead as a breakdown of symmetry…J (Don’t try to use Noether theorem here..)…

D0, which I will call Rafael here for sake of keeping the innocent safe, told me several things. One of them is that they had just measured the mass of W-.

I’ve been very critical of theorist’s theorists since they cannot understand the value of physical insight. That said, I certainly value their abstraction capabilities. In my time, we used to propagate Green’s functions by hand… now-a-days the same equations are propagated by Mathematica, Matlab, R or Maple packages. This makes life easier, people more productive but also makes physics less visible. All of this doesn’t make the people less brilliant, specially Rafael who is a brilliant person. As you know, a brilliant man or woman will reach the correct or wrong conclusion faster than a less intelligent person. The quality of the conclusion (right or wrong) depends on which hypotheses one chooses to begin one’s reasoning…J

Well, if that is the case that will yield a very clear prediction within my theory.

My theory contains only four experimental parameters. One is the Planck constant which relates mass to wavelength projections onto the 3D hypersphere surface. The second is the speed of light. The other two are angles associated with the Electron-Proton and Positron-Electron transmutation notes.

There are other minor parameters (moment of inertia) which can be derived from first principles and geometry.

Let’s review the neutron description:

This description shows the two red lines corresponding to the Electron-Proton transmutation notes.

This diagram leaves W- without a description. It just happens that before the electron and anti-neutrino appears a Boson (W-) has a brief existence. Of course, this is not a problem. Below is the channel containing the famous W- boson.

To understand what this means one has to look into the state description of the Neutron.

Heisenberg in 1932 stated that Protons and Neutrons were just degenerated states of the same “nuclear” potential or Gauge field. Of course, this hypothesis failed to meet the requirement of being geometric. It introduces willy-nilly another gauge field…J and doesn’t make a simple model for charge. In my case, charge is just the relative phase of dilation of the dilator’s coherence. Notice that the Proton and the Electron differs only by the phase of the initial state. The electron starts on the top state (electron state) and the proton starts from the bottom state (Proton states). Also notice that the two states associated with each particle is clearly defined. They differ just by orientation, that is, a transition between (2/3,2/3,-1/3) and (2/3,-1/3,2/3) corresponds to a 90 degrees rotation around the X-axis.

Of course, for someone to define a phase one has to define a Universal Clock. How can one have a Universal close and still be consistent with Strict Relativity. Again, look deep into the eyes of Dr. Illuminati and see that the local time tau and the local direction x are free to rotate (local deformation of the Fabric of Space) all the way to 45 degrees. The hyperbolic nature of our local time is due to the choice of equations of motion and how we describe force and mass – non-geometric concepts. In my theory, dynamics is ruled by the Quantum Lagrangian Principle and interaction has no poles…J thus no infinities, renormalization/regularization etc…

These are dynamic differences despite of the fact that they are represented similarly to energy differences. I had to create this splitting because it takes time to rotate and during that time the dilator continues spinning within the 4D spatial manifold while propagating at the speed of light along the radial direction. Sub-coherences between these states correspond to rotations within the 3D space and change the phase relationship between tunneling and spinning. This shifts which phase will be flush with the 3D lightspeed expanding hypersphere. Only phases overlapping the 3D Universe at the appropriate phases interact or exist. I used “I interact therefore I exist” paradigm.

In the W-Minus coherence, it is clear that the electron coherence is flanked with two electron-proton transmutation notes. Those notes have the effect of rotating the local metric deformation within the 3D hypersurface thus introducing a dephasing between spinning and tunneling. If you are spinning perpendicularly to R and X, after two 3D rotations you would be rotating around R and –X, thus alternating spinning direction at each de Broglie step. This means that the W- would behave as a BOSON, that is, it has zero effective spin.

There is nothing special about being a boson or not. Certainly there isn’t anything about carrying a FORCE be it strong or weak. The mismatch in period introduced by the red lines (Proton-Electron transmutation subcoherences) results in the finite neutron lifetime. Different particles have different period mismatches and thus different bandwidths. This mismatch is what induces the local deformation of the fabric of space and thus the exiting speed.

I noticed that D0 failed to keep his editorial prerogative. Rafael mentioned that since he was not convinced with my arguments (limited by my care of not upsetting my judge and by good manners) he would not redirect others to my blog. The fact that he mentioned it to other members of the D0 group is that Batavia, Illinois (Fermilab) has been among my latest readers. They read it before, but I am giving Rafael the benefit and considering that he was able to see beyond the simplicity of my theory the strength of my ideas.

Of course, Quantum Chromodynamics has predictions which are accurate. This only means that it should reduce to my theory if one makes the appropriate assumptions.

One that should be evident from reading the about my Quantum Lagrangian Principle is that the wavefunction present in all quantum mechanics equations corresponds to the metric deformation projected onto the 3D hypersphere. Gauge invariance just means that the Quantum Lagrangian Principle should be independent upon the initial state of the Fabric of Space.

In my theory, the Universe is criss-crossed by a dilaton field with a wavelength equal to the Compton wavelength of a Hydrogen atom (Fundamental Dilator). This very fine grid is not detectable because of the Quantum Lagrangian Principle. It states that at each de Broglie step of the Lighspeed Expanding Universe all particles dilate in phase with the surrounding dilaton field, thus it produces no scattering whatsoever.

Despite of that unsatisfying conclusion, the physical hypothesis (The Quantum Lagrangian Principle) is trivial to understand and from it one can easily reach the no scattering conclusion.

I mentioned Rafael about the zero amplitude dilator and its realization by the grains of sand on a drum. A zero amplitude dilator would always move to the nodes of the drum’s normal modes. If one substitute those zero amplitude dilators by unit amplitude dilators, they would all move into the normal modes’ peaks. Out of phase dilators would move out of the surface (out of our 3D Universe) and never come back. Since we don’t see a dilaton field emanating from these out of our Universe, one should conclude that all dilators were created in phase or where phased at the beginning of times…J

Please feel free to ask questions.

Cheers,

MP

The Hypergeometrical Y(4140) and Particle J

In the past, I joked about being part of the Illuminati association. I rarely read fiction but I enjoyed reading “Angels and Demons” by Dan Brown.

It helped that it was about scientists and that I had just come back from Castello di Sant’Angelo and the Vatican.

My allusions to the Illuminati have less to do with their anti-religious nature and more with their Illuminating aspects.

The Illuminati were supposed to be formed by scientists – people who could see Nature for what it is; without dogmas and preconceived ideas.

If you read this blog you might be an Illuminati in that sense – someone with enough of an open mind that can envision a world without the dogmatic Standard Model.

Remember that the Standard model makes very precise predictions and so does Nostradamus (in retrospect and after one uses pattern recognition to associate whatever happened with whatever was written in his books)..:)

There is no reason to believe that only the Standard Model can be an extremely precise logical framework to describe Nature. In fact, in the bowels of the FermiLab, a new and strange particle was created – not predicted by the Standard Model. This particle was named Y(4140).

The table below contains all the hyperons I described within my theory. There might be more of them but if they were not in this table I didn’t describe them.

A notable exception is particle J. In my teenage years I came across it when its discovery by Dr. Ting was announced. At that time, I thought that that particle would convey the force that limited the speed of bodies to the speed of light. Of course, I was wrong. It is now a pleasure to describe it in this blog.

This is particle Y(4140) decaying process:

As I mentioned in my prior blog, the Hypergeometrical Universe theory has no problem describing its nature.

The mass prediction will be left to another blog. It is a simple problem.

Let’s reconstruct particle Y from its components. First let’s see where muons come from and how are they described here.

Let consider the decaying of Kaon Plus (Minus) resulting in an positron and a Muon Plus (electron and a Muon Minus).

First let’s consider the long hand representation of Kaon Plus. It decays into a Pion Zero and a Pion Plus.

Similarly, Kaon Minus decays into Pion Zero and a Pion Minus. Remember that Pion Zero is a Majorana Particle.

The secondary decay channels are:
KaonPlus -> MuonPlus + MuonNeutrino

and

KaonMinus -> MuonMinus +MuonAntiNeutrino

Below we have an irreducible representation of Kaon Minus and Plus. Notice that the number of transmutation lines is kept as well as their respective charges.

Each horizontally written Ball can represent a four note dimensional chord or a single state in the state representation of the particle in the short-hand notation.

The difference between both states is just the length of the coherence, not the particle observable characteristics (charge or mass).

The KaonMinus -> MuonMinus +MuonAntiNeutrino decay is shown below:

A secondary indistinguishable channel is shown below:

The KaonPlus -> MuonPlus + MuonNeutrino decay is just changing red by green and electron by positron, and antiProton by Proton etc.

The Neutrino Tau is the last Neutrino to be considered and it is basically the same thing as the irreducible representation of the Kaon. Neutrino Tau also decays into a MuonPlus plus a MuonNeutrino…

Now we are ready to express Particle J within the Hypergeometrical Standard Model. Particle J is formed of Muon Plus and Muon Minus, thus its Balls Diagrams looks like this:

There is a famous discovery in Science where the Gravitational Lensing played a strong role…J

Of course, I am referring to the Prediction of Gravitational Lensing by Einstein’s General Relativity.

To obtain the predictions of the Hypergeometrical Model for the gravitational refraction of an electromagnetic wave, one has to remember that a Force is represented as a Stress in this model. Acceleration is modeled as a local deformation of the Fabric of Space. This is shown in the equation below:

Where dτ is equal to cdt, that is, it is a dimensionalized time. The momentum of an electromagnetic wave was represented by hk and its mass by this equation:

Light always travels at 45 degrees with respect to the Fabric of Space as shown above. This means that Gravitation only affects the direction of propagation on the Fabric of Space. That cross-section is shown below:

Where

Delta Tau is the de Broglie step in the Hypergeometrical Expansion of the Universe. The angle is given by:

The Force can be written in terms of Gravitational fields as:

Notice that the interaction between an electromagnetic wave doesn’t depends upon velocity since the wave cannot be accelerated or decelerates as a particle could.

The equation of motion for an electromagnetic wave is given by:

At the position of scattering R=Ro yielding:

Resulting in the diffraction angle:

Which is the observed Gravitational Lensing.

Q.E.D.

Cheers,

MP

The Hypergeometrical Force


When I DERIVED the equation for the Hypergeometrical Force – the Grand Unification Force – used a setup with two infinitesimal elements of current (or mass flow).

Here are the equations for Electromagnetism and Gravitation:

                 (1)

Where C1 and C2 are the charges traveling at V1 and V2 and c is the speed of light. R12 is a vector from charge 1 to charge 2.

Similarly for Gravitation:

Notice that the only difference is the proportionality coefficient. This means that the interaction is the same – dilaton field-dilator interaction controlled by the Quantum Lagrangian Principle. The proportionality coefficient ratio is given by the ratio of these two angles a₀ and a₁:

R0 is the age of the Universe times the speed of light (15.82 billion light years) and λ1 is the Compton wavelength of a Hydrogen atom. To be precise, this ratio has to be multiplied by an elastic coefficient of the Fabric of Space. This coefficient is the reason why dilaton and Gravitational waves exist.

The humongous (10³⁶) factor is easy to understand by this simple figure. A more detailed analysis can be found in the pdf containing the theory.

This equation can be simplified for the case where there is no rotation and one of the bodies is much larger than the other (Sun and Mercury for instance) into:

This is the first time a force is actually derived from a purely geometrical theory of the Universe, so it took me some time to understand that this equation has to be integrated upon R (distance) to yield the amount of energy that can be shared into Kinetic and Potential at any position.

Adiabatic integration upon R yields the potential

    (3)

This potential is the one used in the Precession of Mercury’s Perihelion problem. Applying it to Lagrangian Formalism yields the more appropriate force formula for physical bodies or charges:

Similarly for F one obtains:

Thus F becomes:

Expanding it in powers of

Neglecting terms above the second order

This means that my Gravitational Force does not contains first order dependence upon v/c and also that is perfectly describes all celestial dynamics. It produces the same formula for the Precession of Mercury or Earth or anything else Perihelion…J

In summary, my formula produces not one but TWO formulas for force. One for constructs that cannot change speed (Light) and another for bodies. They are reproduced without approximations below:

The second formula is used to derive the Gravitational Lensinng (Gerber failed to do so since he only ansatz (guessed) right the first formula).

The more complex formulation for the Force per unit mass (for double jets Black Holes or White Orifices) is given by:

To understand the rest of the Universe, one only need to add the Fundamental Dilator paradigm.

The Fundamental Dilator is a coherence between two deformation states within the 4D spatial manifold. The orientation of the letters in the figure below maps the orientation of the dilator deformation with respect to our 3D Hypersurface. A vertical lettering means that the dilator overlaps minimally with our 3DUniverse (the Fundamental Dilator is quite flat (along the fourth dimension).

The Fundamental Dilator can be represented by this diagram:

Figure 1. Balls Diagram for the Proton, represented by a phase of the Fundamental Dilator.

Cheers,

MP

The White Orifice

I am sure Stephen Hawking will see the silver lining in the Dark Clouds surrounding this Cylindrical Black Hole…J

It should be an evident truth when one considers the so-called Black Hole with angular momentum that it cannot be an sphere…:) That is, spherical symmetry is not allowed…:) Of course, for different masses and total angular momentum one might have Black Disks…:)

Above a certain mass and angular momentum the obvious Black Hole topology has to be cylindrical..:)

If you remember the correct Law of Gravitation from my Gyrogravity posting:

(3.49d)

(3.49c)

Where C1(m1) and C2(m2) are the charges(masses) traveling at V1 and V2 and c is the speed of light and V2 is the potential at body 2. R points from charge 2 to charge 1.

Let 1 be a Hollow Cylindrical Black Hole…:) rotating at the speed of light.  

First let’s consider the matter surrounding the cylinder…:) Let R versor to be perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (rotation). Under those circumstances R.V1 is zero (perpendicular) due to the rotation of the cylindrical mass element 1.

The potential sensed by particle 2 (surrounding matter element of mass) is given by:

Where v1 is a tangential velocity at the Cylindrical Black Hole which is equal to the speed of light…or thereabouts…J

Under those circumstances it is easy to see that the force acting upon particle 2 has a radial component and tangential component due to the V1.V2 vectorial product. The tangential component makes the surrounding mass distribution to whirl around trying to catch up with the cylindrical black hole. At the same time the tangential speed increases, the radial force decreases. On the other hand, any mass rotating around in the opposite direction is slowed down until the rotational direction matches the cylindrical black hole…J

The fun part happens when we analyze what is happening to the mass flow traveling without any angular momentum right along the cylinder axis. For those particles, V2 is perpendicular to V1 (the tangential velocity of the surface of the cylindrical black hole…) The resulting potential is given by:

Or

This force has the interesting aspect of attracting more strongly the falling matter than the matter being ejected on the other side of the Cylindrical Black Hole…J

This means that two collimated jets would arise on each side of the Black Hole…J

Cheers,

MP

In this blog, I prove that 1+1 is not always 2. I am sure that will be used by some to prove that I cannot count… or as a proof of Godel’s theorem..:)

In fact, on those times where something unexpected occurs, the physics behind an identity failure is surprisingly interesting. When one creates a Gravitational Fundamental Dilator, one adds two Fundamental Dilators (a Proton plus an Electron) such that the ensemble spin is zero.  The creation a spin zero dilator is not unlike the creation of a hydrogen atom.

A hydrogen atom interacts with a charge in a manner extremely distinct than the two separated charges that comprises it. The interaction is reduced by a tremendous factor.  This is still not Gravitation.  Gravitation is the interaction between hydrogen atoms and of course it is 10^-36 times weaker than charge-charge interaction.

Currently Science shows no frugality in the explanation of these two interactions.  It describes them as distinct forces.  The reason is historical.  The two interactions were discovered by different people and at different times.

I put 1+1 together to solve this problem.

It will be self-evident from analyzing how the fundamental dilators interact, that they work as a single unit and the dilaton field emanating from a zero spin ensemble formed by two fundamental dilators is almost identical to the resulting from a single one, differing just by a factor of 1.004145342.Quantum Mechanical reasoning like electron delocalization is allowed by not strictly necessary to understand this paradigm.

In fact, it will not be really self-evident but it will take a tremendous amount of grey cells to understand how dilations add or subtract when in phase or in counter-phase.  Let’s hope for the best, but if you cannot, will not understand it no matter how much you stress up your noodle, please feel free to ask questions.

Cheers,

MP

2.3.6 Electromagnetic and Gravitational Dilators Relationship

The archetypal Electromagnetic Dilator is represented by the Proton or Electron coherences presented previously. The Gravitational Dilator is represented by a spin zero Hydrogen Atom shown below:

Figure 8. Left panel shows two charge particles interacting. Middle panel show how a spin-zero ensemble (Archetypal Gravitational Fundamental Dilator) is created and how the four phases interact with each other.  The left panel shows the Fundamental Dilator or Archetypal Electromagnetic Fundamental Dilator.

The colored phases are flush with the 3D Universe and controls dilator dynamics through the Quantum Lagrangian Principle.  This means that two opposing charged particles would attract each other in each and every phase.  That would happen normally.  During the formation of a hydrogen atom something different happens.  There is a change in spin and a photon carrying the difference in energy and spin is emitted.

If you consider phase 2, the phase for the fat electron would normally be an antiproton (a negative charge or large local compression of the metric). That phase would be in phase with the corresponding dilaton field from the proton’s equivalent phase (positron).

In the spin zero moiety or normal matter, that phase is a proton (a positive charge or large local dilation of the metric) and it will decrease the intensity of the dilaton field from the proton equivalent phase (positron).  Notice that the constructive or destructive interference depends not only upon the fact that the phase is a dilation or a contraction but also on the position of that dilation or contraction.  The Quantum Lagrangian Principle stipulates that the colored phases are always in phase (constructive interference) with the surrounding dilaton field).   That means that if one changes the tunneling sequence (spin sign) the interaction strength will change.

Remember that the dilaton field is sensitive to the four dimensional volume (4D Mass) of the dilator phase.  This means that the dilaton generated by the positron is identical (almost) to the dilaton field generated by the much larger (in 3D mass or 3D Universe overlapping displacement volume) proton.

This means that in terms of 4D Mass or dilaton field intensity, phases 2 and 4 does not matter in normal Matter..:)

The almost perfect interference is at this point considered to be the reason (culprit) for the 0.004145342 in the 1. 004145342 factor relating a fundamental dilator or fat electron 4D Mass to the Gravitational Fundamental Dilator or Hydrogen atom.  The discrepancy in the cancellation of dilaton contributions in the Hydrogen Atom intermediate states is likely due to different elasticities for compression and dilation or nonlinear effects on metric deformation, resulting in a non-zero contribution for the intermediate states.

Another possibility is that this small discrepancy is due to the fact that the Gravitational Fundamental Dilator is an approximation to Matter in general. Matter in general contains Neutrons and that will affect the ratio.

One should remember that there is 4D volume conservation (Energy Conservation) in my theory, that is, despite of the 3D footprint of an electron being 1/2000 the 3D footprint of a Proton, their 4D volumes should be equal. This discrepancy makes this statement not as precise, if it turns out to the true that the discrepancy is due to physical properties (elasticity) of the Fabric of Space.  That would be an exception the complete geometrical nature of this theory.

Just as a reminder, it should be clear that the 4D Mass (4D Spatial manifold cross-section) is associated with the intensity of dilatons generated by dilators and the 3D Mass is associated with inertia within the 4DSpacetime cross-section.

This is another clear statement detaching gravitational mass from inertial mass.

That is an outrageous statement…:) Please feel free to utter your disagreements…:)

Cheers,

MP

Hypergeometrical Electromagnetism

In the past, I corrected the Law of Gravitation. It just happens that when creating the Hypergeometrical Universe paradigm, I had to also create the link from a purely geometric theory into standard physics which has constructs like mass, force, electrostatic permittivity etc. The first thing to do was to recover the Natural Laws discovered experimentally by Newton, Gauss, Biot-Savart, Faraday, etc.

To recover those equations I had to make approximations. Here I present the correct equations for Electromagnetism. They differ from Biot-Savart in a similar manner as my Hypergeometrial Law of Gravitation differs from Newton’s Law.

We recovered the Biot-Savart law for infinitesimal elements of current. This was achieved by considering the many contributions of positive and negative center charges and using the low velocity approximation. Within a Tokamak Nuclear Fusion device, currents are both positive and negative (hot plasma) and velocities are relativistic. Under these conditions one should use the non-approximated equation derived from equation (3.41):

The force between two 1 Kg dilators is given by:

To scale this force into the force between two Coulomb charges traveling with velocities v1 and v2 one just have to multiply the equation by (1C/Nq_e)²:

Where C1 and C2 are the charges traveling at V1 and V2 and c is the speed of light.

You might have noticed that all forces have basically the same equation.>J

This is called Grand Unification…J

Cheers,

MP

“Only he who attempts the absurd is capable of achieving the impossible”
Miguel de Unamuno

This is the Hypergeometrical Law of Gravitation which tells you what happens when bodies are in motion. Newton’s Law is only strictly valid when the bodies are at rest…